German Awards - German States - Oldenburg - Grand Duchy

The Duchy of Oldenburg, which had existed since 1774, was elevated to a grand duchy after Napoleon's defeat at the Congress of Vienna. The capital was Oldenburg. The flag of the country is a red cross on a blue background. However, the then duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig, who returned from Russian immigration only in 1814, refused this title. Only his successor Paul Friedrich Augustus assumed the title in 1829. Oldenburg was a member of the North German Union. During the Danish-German War of 1864, Oldenburg was neutral. Since 1866, the Oldenburg fought on the side of Prussia against Austria, as well as 1870/71 against France. The Grand Duchy of Oldenburg since 1871 was part of the German Empire.
The Grand Dukes were:

• Peter Friedrich Ludwig (1815-1829) did not accept
• Paul Friedrich August (1829-1853)
• Nikolaus Friedrich Peter (1853-1900)
• Friedrich August (1900-1918)

After the November Revolution of 1918, Frederick also abdicated. Oldenburg thereafter became a republic and a free state of Oldenburg.